Special issue: Barriers to Sustainable Management of Water Quantity and Quality Flood protection—sustainability Issues

نویسنده

  • ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ
چکیده

There has been much recent emphasis on sustainable development of water resources in that the needs of the present generation are fulfilled without compromising future generations to meet their needs. Also, systems of flood protection and management are being increasingly considered in the context of sustainable development. Destructive floods have jeopardized settlements located near rivers since the dawn of human history. Now, the global flood losses have grown worldwide to the level of billions of US dollars per year. The issue of climate variability and change and the possibility of their adverse impacts on the severity and frequency of flooding, introduces an additional uncertainty to difficult sustainability issues. There are several examples of technical infrastructure related to flood protection, which are being criticized in the context of sustainable development because they close options for future generations and introduce unacceptable disturbances in ecosystems. Large structural flood defences like dams, storage reservoirs and embankments are often listed in this category. The means of coping with floods are looked at in the sustainability context. A change of paradigm is needed, as a flood protection system guaranteeing complete safety is an illusion. It is necessary to be aware of the possibility of floods, that is the attitude: "living with floods" seems more sustainable than a hopeless striving to "combat floods". La durabilité de la protection contre les inondations Résumé On s'est beaucoup intéressé ces dernières années à un développement durable de ressources en eau conçu de telle sorte que la satisfaction des besoins d'aujourd'hui ne compromette pas celle de demain. De même on conçoit de plus en plus les systèmes de gestion et de protection contre les inondations dans une optique de développement durable. Les inondations destructrices ont menacé les établissements humains depuis l'aube des temps. A présent, les dommages causés par les inondations dans le monde entier atteignent des milliards de dollars américains. Le problème de la variabilité et de la modification du climat et l'éventualité de leur répercussion sur la fréquence et l'ampleur des inondations, apporte un degré supplémentaire d'incertitude à des problèmes de durabilité déjà difficiles. On peut citer de nombreux exemples d'aménagements de protection contre les inondations qui ont été critiqués du point de vue du développement durable car ils interdisaient certaines possibilités aux générations futures et qu'ils perturbaient les écosystèmes de façon inacceptable. Les grands aménagement de lutte contre les inondations, tels que barrages, réservoirs et endiguements ont souvent été incriminés. Les moyens d'affronter les inondations doivent être pris en considération dans une optique de durabilité et il est nécessaire de changer de philosophie car un système garantissant une protection absolue est illusoire. Il faut être conscient de la possibilité d'inondations, ce qui signifie qu'il vaut mieux "vivre avec les inondations" que de s'évertuer désespérément à "combattre les inondations".

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تاریخ انتشار 1999